This second edition is an extended version of the first edition of geometrical chargedparticle optics. Trak is the most advanced 2d code available on any computer platform for chargedparticle optics and gun design. In this, simion provides extensive supporting functionality in geometry definition, user programming, data recording, and visualization. The updated reference monograph is intended as a guide for researchers and graduate students who are seeking a comprehensive treatment of the design of instruments and beamguiding systems of charged particles and their propagation in electromagnetic fields. We measured the dynamic motion of a charged particle captured in a. The term optics is used because magnetic and electrostatic lenses act upon a charged particle beam similarly to optical lenses upon a light beam electron optics calculations are crucial for the design of electron microscopes and particle accelerators. It is an affordable but versatile platform, widely used for over 30 years to simulate lens, mass spec, and other types of particle optics systems. All major laboratories are using it since decades and it. Pdf handbook of charged particle optics semantic scholar. The updated reference monograph is intended as a guide for researchers and graduate students who.
The newest edition of a bestseller, the handbook of charged particle optics, second edition. Fundamentals of charged particle optics in high energy accelerator systems u. Handbook of charged particle optics 2nd edition jon orloff rout. Box 500, batavia, illinois 60510, usa designs of charged particle optical systems are invariably based on two assumptions. The newest edition of a bestseller, the handbook of charged particle optics, second edition provides essential background information for the.
The newest edition of a bestseller, the handbook of charged particle optics, second edition provides essential background information for the design and operation of high resolution focused probe instruments. The lorentz product page presents more specific options. Pdf on jul 1, 2010, manuel vogel and others published handbook of charged particle optics, 2nd edition, edited by j. Liquid metal ion sources, department of physics, university of athens, greece. Charged particle optics theory and simulation cpots erasmus intensive programme physics department university of crete august 18 september 1, 2012 heraklion, crete, greece participating institutions and instructors 1. Cpo is a general purpose particle optics simulation package,somewhat like simion, but based on the boundary element method bem of field calculation. This timely handbook contains chapters on the essential elements of high resolution charged particle optics and is written by many of the. It is natural to develop a quantum prescription, since all systems are fundamentally quantum mechanical in nature. Energy particles emittance exercises equation of motion the basic equation of motion of a charged particle in a electromagnetic. The unifying concept among light and charged particle optics as well as error.
A parallel beam of electrons being focused by a symmetric threeelement lens. Particle species and energy define the accelerator the first decision in the design of a circular accelerator is the tradeoff between tunnel circumference and magnetic field. Per mc physics at mc physics home, all matter is made of quantized electrostatic monocharges tha. Point cathodes are used in electron optical systems to produce highbrightness, submicron, focused electron beams. Cpocharged particle optics software scientific instrument. The newestedition of a bestseller, the handbook of charged particle optics, second edition provides essential background information for the design and operation of high resolution focused probe instruments. It is especially suitable for systems requiring spacecharge limited cathode emissions or high accuracy field calculations. Jan 15, 2002 this article describes the the lenses used for highresolution chargedparticle optics and how their performancein particular, their resolutionis analyzed. The concern is the control of the transverse motion of particles by shaped electric and magnetic fields. This modernized and graphic version of a charged particle beam transport code consists mainly of the old cernslacfermilab version of transportcoded in portable fortran77 1 and c for the osdependant system calls. Coordinate system and hamiltonian coordinate system.
When, at another time, working on experiments where charged particle beams interact with lasers 5, 6 we found that the concepts used in gaussian optics 8, 9, 7 are very similar but use a di. Computational techniques for the design of charged particle optical designs, munros electron optics software, ltd. Handbook of charged particle optics by jon orloff nook. Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research a258 1987 417420 417 northholland, amsterdam two dogmas of charged particle optics david c. Particle trajectories of charged particles are calculated bulirschstoer, accurately accounting for spacecharge and relativistic effects. Two dogmas of charged particle optics sciencedirect. The motion of a charged particle through a magnetic field configuration can be described in terms of deviation from a certain ideal trajectory. Fundamentals of charged particle optics in high energy. All three particle beam optics codes are lagacy codes. In this paper, we study optical trapping and manipulation of single electrically charged colloidal particles. Charged particle optics wikibooks, open books for an open world. Handbook of charged particle optics, 2nd edition, edited.
One uses power series expansion of the phasespace coordinates to obtain the transfer matrices for a. There are many applications for beams of charged particles ions and electrons that have very different resolution or beam size requirements. Charged particle beam optics programs by urs rohrer. However, cpo differs fundamentally in its more powerful and accurate methods of calculation boundary element method, and it offers welltested spacecharge, cathode emission, dielectric, and other. Analogy between light optics and ionoptics is useful but limited. He has had a chair in charged particle optics since 1989, heading a group with three permanent scientific staff, five technical staff and on average eight phd students. The variation of the potential and its derivative along the optical axis as. In recent years, quantum theories of charged particle beam optics have been presented with the very expected feature of wavelengthdependent effects. Pdf handbook of charged particle optics, 2nd edition, edited by j. It is intended as a guide for researchers, who are involved in the design of electron optical instruments and beamguiding systems for charged particles, and as a tutorial for graduate students seeking a comprehensive treatment.
Handbook of charged particle optics kindle edition by orloff, jon. This second edition is an extended version of the first edition of geometrical charged particle optics. With the growing proliferation of nanotechnologies, powerful imaging technologies are being developed to operate at the subnanometer scale. Particle accelerator school winter 2008 mike syphers, arden warner fermilab. This article describes the the lenses used for highresolution chargedparticle optics and how their performancein particular, their resolutionis analyzed. References introduction to charged particle optics. Home of the charged particle optics software worldbeating programs for solving 2 and 3dimensional electrostatic problem the boundary element method, bem, deals with surface charges and has many advantages over the methods. Handbook of charged particle optics, orloff, jon, ebook. Advances in imaging and electron physics merges two longrunning serialsadvances in electronics and electron physics and advances in optical and electron microscopy.
With the current development of nontraditional prescriptions of helmholtz and maxwell optics. The second edition of the handbook of charged particle optics is a collection of 12 individual contributions written by experts on the respectitive fields, adding up to a total of 665 p ages. Subsequent chapters give detailed descriptions of electrostatic deflection elements, uniform and nonuniform magnetic sector fields, image aberrations, and, finally, fringe field confinement. All electrostatic charges are naturally driven to become neutralized ie join with opposite charges following coulombs attraction charge force law.
The sector field lenses, charged particle beams and phase space, and particle beams in periodic structures are also elaborated. Charged particle optics encyclopedia of imaging science and. Hamiltonian for the charged particle in a static magnetic field m rest mass. These fields bend charged particle orbits in a manner analogous to the bending of light rays by shaped glass lenses. Charged particle definition of charged particle by the free. Three useful particle beam optics programs mainly for charged particles like protons, electrons and mesons are presented here. Handbook of charged particle optics, 2nd edition, edited by j. I am working on this myself and need to refer to some papers. Applied charged particle optics begins by introducing electrostatic lenses and fields used for acceleration, focussing and deflection of ions or electrons. The classical treatments have been successful in designing numerous chargedparticle devices. Electric and magnetic field lenses the subject of charged particle optics is introduced in this chapter. It is a complete guide to understanding, designing, and using high resolution instrumentation such as transmission.
Analogies between light optics and chargedparticle optics. This is a trajectory calculation module that is added to any of our field analysis programs, or combinations thereof. Charged particle optics encyclopedia of imaging science. The newest edition of a bestseller, the handbook of charged particle optics, second edition provides essential background. Spacecharge is handled with iterative convergence tube and mesh methodsaccuracy of 1% against theoretical results have been obtained. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading handbook of charged particle optics. Guns and matching optics for twts, gyrotrons, accelerators, and many other applications have been successfully designed and optimized with it. In recent years, quantum theories of chargedparticle beam optics have been presented with the very expected feature of wavelengthdependent e ects. Geometrical chargedparticle optics ebook by harald rose.
Pdf handbook of charged particle optics, 2nd edition. Pieter kruit is full professor of physics at delft university of technology in the netherlands. Harald rose, geometrical charged particle optics, springer very advanced and serious. The quantum theory leads to new insights accompanied with wavelengthdependent contributions. Review of linear optics measurement and correction for. Applications include electron and ion guns, electrooptical devices, electron microscopes, vacuum microelectronics and relativistic highpower beams. Optical microscopes are the ones most familiar to everyone from the high school science lab or the doctors office. The newest edition of a bestseller, the handbook of charged particle optics, second edition provides essential background information for the design and.
Munoz references introduction equations of motion matricial optics o. Charged particle transport, gaussian optics, error. Trak is the most advanced 2d code available on any computer platform for charged particle optics and gun design. Optical manipulation of single electrically charged. But they are modernized and run under windows, linux and mac osx with gui support. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices especially semiconductor devices, particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic. Handbook of charged particle optics jon orloff download. This wikibook will try to explain principles of charged particle optics. Twiss parameters shared by betatron motion of individual particles u u particle 1 particle 2 1 2 2 ellipses are similar to each other. This paper describes some computerbased activities to bring the study of charged particle optics to undergraduate students, to be performed as a part of a onesemester acceleratorbased. Electron optics is a mathematical framework for the calculation of electron trajectories along electromagnetic fields.
Can anyone refer me to some webpages where elementary matrix treatment to charged beam kinematics and optics can be found. Handbook of high resolution charged particle optics by jon. Handbook of sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy and xray microanalysis 2009. This reference monograph covers all theoretical aspects of modern geometrical chargedparticle optics.
The close analogy between geometrical optics and the classical theories of chargedparticle beam optics have been known for a very long time. The cpo softwares core function is the calculation of electrostaticmagnetic fields and the trajectories of charged particles through those fields, a bit like simion. Advances in imaging and electron physics, volume 157 1st. Studying charged particle optics 255 0 2040 6080 10090807060 v v grad v arb. May 12, 2007 can anyone refer me to some webpages where elementary matrix treatment to charged beam kinematics and optics can be found. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices especially semiconductor devices, particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image.
Virtual source point cathodes are distinguished from the more conventional crossover mode thermionic cathodes, which operate near the space charge limit, by the high electric field at the cathode surface. Egn2 is the most reliable and most established electron gun and trajectory optics program around the world. In 1980, he joined professor wollnik giessen university and karl brown slac in organising the first international conference on charged particle optics, designed to bring together opticians from the worlds of electron optics, accelerator optics and spectrometer optics. The close analogy between geometrical optics and the classical theories of charged particle beam optics have been known for a very long time. The updated reference monograph is intended as a guide for researchers and graduate students who are seeking a comprehensive treatment of the design of instruments and beamguiding systems of. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Handbook of charged particle optics 2nd edition jon. The books unique approach covers both the theoretical and practical knowledge of high resolution probe forming instruments.
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